Southwestern University
2001-2002 Catalog
Southwestern University: A Statement
The Academic Program
Degree Requirements
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HISTORY DEPARTMENT
Division of Humanities
Professor Jan C. Dawson, PhD, Chair
Associate Professor Daniel Castro, Jr., PhD
Associate Professor Steven
C. Davidson, PhD
Assistant Professor Elizabeth Green Musselman,
PhD
Assistant Professor Lisa Moses Leff, PhD
Assistant Professor Thomas V.
McClendon, PhD
Assistant Professor Martha K. Norkunas, PhD (part-time)
Instructor Joel E. Tishken, MA (part-time)
Instructor Robert Willingham,
MA (part-time)
The study of History promotes individual and collective
self-understanding by examining the record of the past. It develops a way of
thinking that enables students to identify trends and relations of human
existence and to appreciate both the limits and the possibilities of our own
age.
The History program provides students with a global perspective and a
solid grounding in the methods and fields of history, while also encouraging
interdisciplinary connections. The History major provides students not with a
random collection of courses, but with a program that is concerned with finding
patterns and connections. Beginning with introductory courses, our major
prepares students for advanced courses on topics, themes, and methods of
history, and for research experience. With their understanding of the past and
their historical mindedness, History students go on to careers in all levels of
education and government, in law, social service, communications, museum and
archival work, and business.
To receive a BA in History, a student must
take two World History courses (see below), Historiography in the junior year,
two courses designated as Research Seminars, and five other courses from the
general departmental offerings chosen in consultation with the academic adviser
according to the guidelines below. Taken in sequence, Historiography and the
Research Seminars constitute the History major’s capstone
experience.
The following courses are foundation courses for the study of
History. Each seeks to provide students with basic historical literacy. Each
also seeks to develop appreciation for large-scale regional and global patterns
as well as regional and global connections, including exchanges of ideas, labor,
trade, technology, etc. Finally, each of these World History courses seeks to
combat ethnocentricity by examining the internal development of the cultural and
institutional heritages of each people involved in these patterns and exchanges.
History majors and minors must take two introductory Topics in
World History courses, one from Group A and one from
Group B.
Group A—Pre- and Early Modern: 16-013 World
Civilizations to 1500
16-033 Women in World
History
16-043 World History: Exploration,
Discovery,
and Colonization
Group B—Modern: 16-023 World Civilizations
Since 1500
16-053 Ecological History of the
World
16-063 World History: Colonial and
Post-Colonial
Worlds
16-073 The “Nation” in World History
History
majors are required to take at least one upper-level course (200 or
above) from at least three of the following geographical areas: Africa,
East Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America (16-453 Slavery in the
Atlantic World can count for Africa, Latin America, or North America; 16-483
Race and Rights in the United States and South Africa can count for Africa or
North America).
Either as part of their geographical distribution or as one
of their five non-designated courses (i.e., not World History and not Capstone),
history majors also must take at least one upper-level
course from the following list of courses having a substantial pre- or early
modern component: 16-203 Early Modern Europe, 16-223 Latin American
Civilization, 16-253 Chinese Civilization, 16-263 African History, 16-273
Japanese Civilization, 16-283 History of Science, 16-313 Greek Civilization,
16-323 Roman Civilization, and 16-343 History of Peru.
All majors are
encouraged to have proficiency in at least one classical or modern language and
a study abroad experience. Students preparing for graduate work in history
should check graduate catalogs to see if additional language work is expected.
It is also possible to do a 54-hour paired major in History and
Women’s Studies by double-counting two courses cross-listed in History and
Women’s Studies. Currently those courses are 16-033 Women in World
History, 16-393 European Women, 16-473 Gender and Generation in Africa, 16-543
Gender and Science, 16-643 Women in Colonial Latin America, and 16-763 Gender
and Sexuality in U.S. History, although other cross-listed courses, such as the
Research Seminar on Gender and the Politics of History, may be substituted by
permission of the Chair of the Women’s Studies Committee, and new courses
may be added.
To minor in History, a student must take two World
History courses as described above, and any four additional courses numbered 200
or above, preferably from different time periods and geographical areas.
Majoring or minoring in History for secondary teacher certification
requires the following eight courses: one course from World History Group A and
one course from World History Group B; Borderlands and Texas History;
Historiography; U.S. Civilization; one U.S. course from 453, 483, 713, 723, 763,
773 or 783; and two additional courses numbered 200 or above. In addition,
students seeking secondary certification with a History major must take two
additional courses and fulfill the capstone experience and other graduation
requirements for the regular 30 semester hour History major.
The 48-hour
Social Studies Composite secondary teaching field for teacher certification
requires the same 24 semester hours of History listed above for the secondary
History major and minor, plus American Government, State and Local Government,
Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Geography, World Geography, and two additional
courses from among History, Political Science, Economics, and Geography (see
Education section for specific requirements). Students with the Social Studies
Composite teaching field are treated as History majors for purposes of academic
advising.
To be certified to teach with elementary certification and
History as an 18-hour specialization requires one course from World History
Group A and one course from World History Group B; Borderlands and Texas
History; one U.S. History course from 233, 713, 723, 763, 773 or 783; and one
additional course numbered 200 or above.
Individual members of the
Department work with highly motivated students who design independent study
projects. The Department also occasionally has internships in local history.
Finally, the Department participates in the Honors Program by inviting
exceptional students to do an Honors Project during their senior year.
History (HIS)
(Courses marked * are offered annually; all others are offered biennially.)
World History Group A: Pre- and Early Modern
†16-013 WORLD CIVILIZATIONS TO 1500*. The origins, development,
and character of the major world civilizations and their relationships to one
another to 1500. (POK-Other Cultures and
Civilizations)
†16-033 WOMEN IN WORLD HISTORY*. Survey of
women’s experiences in history, from hunter-gatherer societies to the
present. We will especially explore the mixed legacy of
“civilization” for women’s status and some of the basic
literature on women’s historiography. As we move through history, we will
consider topics like the following: the comparative role of women in the major
world religions, how women have participated in various economies, the relative
merits of the histories of “great women” vs. social histories of the
majority of women, whether women’s status has progressively improved or
deteriorated or neither, the supposed superiority of women’s positions in
Western societies, and the history of women’s rights movements. Also
Women’s Studies 04-033. (POK-Other Cultures and
Civilizations)
†16-043 WORLD HISTORY: EXPLORATION, DISCOVERY, AND
COLONIZATION*. From Eric the Red to Lope de Aguirre, innumerable explorers
ventured out to discover new worlds. From Asia to the Americas, new and old
civilizations collided and merged, irreversibly transforming the world we
inherited. This course is intended as an examination of the processes and
personages responsible for the dramatic transformation of our world between the
10th and 16th centuries. (POK-Other Cultures and Civilizations)
World History Group B: Modern
†16-023 WORLD CIVILIZATIONS SINCE 1500*. The changing nature of
the world’s civilizations and their increasing inter-relations after 1500.
(POK-Other Cultures and Civilizations)
†16-053 ECOLOGICAL
HISTORY OF THE WORLD*. Examines world history from the perspective of
interactions between human groups and the ecosystems in which they have lived
from prehistory to the present. Focuses particularly on ecological processes
such as the development of agriculture and its impacts, first in southwest Asia,
China, and Mesoamerica; the role of disease in world history, especially through
trade networks such as that of the Mongols; European “ecological
imperialism” since 1500; and ecosystem imbalances produced by industrial
developments in the North. It also examines religious and secular beliefs that
have justified and/or challenged human manipulation of ecosystems, including
current efforts to pursue ecological sustainability, especially in South Asia
and Latin America. (POK-Social Analysis)
†16-063 WORLD
HISTORY: COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL WORLDS*. This course will introduce
students to a historical understanding of the world in the 19th and 20th
centuries, framed by colonial and post-colonial relationships between the West
and areas colonized by the West after 1750 (especially Africa, the Pacific,
South Asia and Southeast Asia). We will pursue several themes, including: (1)
imperialism, including contradictory goals and methods of colonizers and
varieties of indigenous response; (2) social and cultural effects of
colonization on colonizers, as well as colonized peoples; (3) anti-colonial
struggles, decolonization, and the Cold War; (4) independence and dependence;
and (5) globalization of markets, political structures, and cultures. We will
explore these themes through textbooks and primary source accounts, as well as
novels and films. (POK-Other Cultures and
Civilizations)
†16-073 THE “NATION” IN WORLD
HISTORY*. A history of the modern world focusing on how
“nations” are defined in different historical and geographical
contexts. In each context, the course will address the question of who has the
legitimate authority to represent the “nation,” as well as how
national “insiders” are distinguished from “outsiders”
by those who have the authority to define the boundaries of the nation.
(POK-Other Cultures and Civilizations)
Africa
†16-263 AFRICAN HISTORY*. This survey is an introduction to
African cultures and history from precolonial times to the present, emphasizing
Africa’s variety and its connections to other parts of the world. Topics
include: precolonial social and political organization; the spread of Islam and
Christianity; the impact of the Atlantic slave trade; conquest and resistance;
social change under colonial rule; decolonization; neo-colonialism and
postcolonial challenges. (POK-Other Cultures and
Civilizations)
†16-433 MODERN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY. A survey of
the history of southern Africa from the eve of the region’s encounter with
European settlers to the present; this course will emphasize the 19th and 20th
centuries. Themes will include indigenous social organization; colonization;
slavery; the spread of Christianity; labor migrancy; industrialization;
segregation and apartheid; African nationalism and resistance; the
disintegration of apartheid; and the rise of the “new” South Africa.
We will examine these issues with attention to questions of race and ethnicity,
class, gender and generation, and the nature of resistance. (POK-Other
Cultures and Civilizations)
16-443 LAW, POWER, AND THE COLONIAL
EXPERIENCE. This course examines law as an instrument of power in colonial
and post-colonial societies. The course is primarily concerned with the
development and use of “customary law” to govern relations among the
colonized, but we will also examine the use of criminal and labor law for
exerting social control. We will explore this issue in the context especially of
colonial Africa, but also other colonized regions including India and Latin
America.
16-453 SLAVERY IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD. Slavery and the slave
trade were fundamental to the development of the Americas. Africa and the
Americas were linked through the Atlantic slave trade, as well as through the
movement to abolish slavery. Slavery was also widespread in Africa, and it grew
in importance as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. This course will consider
various systems of slavery and the changes in those systems over time, as well
as examine the economic and ideological links among slave systems in Africa and
the Americas.
16-473 GENDER AND GENERATION IN AFRICA. This course aims
to analyze and improve our understanding of African social and cultural history
as well as our understanding of gender and generation as important categories of
social analysis. We will examine the ways in which historians, anthropologists,
and ordinary Africans have constructed these concepts with respect to African
historical experience since the 19th century. Also Women’s Studies
04-473.
16-483 RACE AND RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA.
Many historians and journalists have been struck by the parallel experiences of
the United States and South Africa with respect to race. However, there are
important differences of demography, culture, and political tradition that have
affected social and political change in the two countries. This course compares
these historical experiences, focusing on: the construction of race; racial
policies (from segregation and apartheid to the controversies over affirmative
action and immigration); resistance and politics; and the role of law and the
courts.
East Asia
†16-253 CHINESE CIVILIZATION*. A survey of the history and
culture of China from the rise of the Shang dynasty in the second millennium
B.C. to the present. The course will focus on the development of China’s
classical culture, the formation of empires, the nature of the traditional state
and society, China’s confrontation with the West, and the rise of modern
China’s revolutionary movement. (POK-Other Cultures and
Civilizations)
†16-273 JAPANESE CIVILIZATION*. A survey of the
history and culture of Japan from the rise of the Yamato state in the sixth
century A.D. to the present. The course will examine indigenous institutional
and cultural developments and the nature of stimuli and influences from the East
Asian continental cultures and from the West. Heian aristocratic society,
Japanese feudalism, Japan’s late traditional state and society, the Meiji
Restoration, and the rise of modern Japan’s state and society will be
examined. (POK-Other Cultures and Civilizations)
16-563 20TH
CENTURY CHINESE HISTORY. A study of the fall of the Chinese dynastic system,
cultural and revolutionary movements, the establishment of the People’s
Republic, and the continuing transformations in contemporary China.
16-583
MODERN JAPANESE HISTORY. A study of the intellectual, social, and
institutional origins of modern Japan, its role in World War II in the Pacific,
its post-War transformations, and recent trends.
Europe
†16-203 EARLY MODERN EUROPE*. Survey of the history of Europe
from about 1400 to 1800. Topics will include the Renaissance and Reformation;
transitions from feudal to capitalist and colonial economies; health and
epidemic disease; women’s experiences, sexuality and family life; magic,
the “Scientific Revolution” and Enlightenment; absolutism and the
development of modern nation-states. (POK-American and Western Cultural
Heritage)
†16-213 MODERN EUROPE*. A history of Europe from the
French Revolution of 1789 to the present, emphasizing the development of new
political traditions and social structures, the establishment of new forms of
international organization, the transformation of work, changes in the lived
environment, and the evolution of understandings of the self.
(POK-American and Western Cultural Heritage)
†16-283 HISTORY
OF SCIENCE. This course will explore the history of human thought about the
natural world from ancient times to the present, concentrating especially on the
17th century forward. We will discuss not only the most celebrated ideas of
science’s past, but also the approaches that did not last and why, and how
social and economic changes have shaped the development of the sciences. While
we will primarily discuss European and American science, we will also consider
the important contributions of the rest of the world, and explore whether
science is really a “Western” phenomenon. Topics will include:
ancient cosmologies, the importance of Islamic translations and medieval
universities and courts, printing and New World exploration, alchemy as a
predecessor to chemistry, the 16th and 17th century “revolution” in
astronomy and mechanics, the professionalization and popularization of science,
the sciences of power during the industrial revolution, the many faces of
Darwinism, and “big science” (the atomic bomb and the Human Genome
Project). (POK-American and Western Cultural Heritage)
†16-313 GREEK CIVILIZATION. See Classics 07-313.
(POK-American and Western Cultural Heritage)
†16-323 ROMAN
CIVILIZATION. See Classics 07-323. (POK-American and Western Cultural
Heritage)
16-353 MODERN EUROPEAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY. A history of
major currents in European thought in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,
focused around a particular theme or question. While themes may vary from year
to year, the class will always focus on the writings of European social thinkers
and philosophers, including any or all of the following: Kant, Hegel, Marx,
Durkheim, Freud, Benjamin, Arendt, Sartre, and Foucault, among
others.
†16-383 THE HOLOCAUST. This course will look at the
Holocaust, the destruction of European Jewry, as an event in both European
history and Jewish history. We will focus on the development and implementation
of Nazi ideology and the “final solution” in Germany and the
territories it conquered during World War II, and seek to account for both the
actions of perpetrators and the responses of victims and bystanders to the
events as they unfolded. We will draw on work scholars have done in the fields
of literature, anthropology, philosophy, and religious studies, as well as
history. (POK-American and Western Cultural Heritage)
16-393
HISTORY OF EUROPEAN WOMEN. Introduction to the experiences of European
women from the High Middle Ages through modern feminist movements. The course
focuses on the effect of changing political, economic, and intellectual trends
on European perspectives of gender and sexuality—and vice versa. Topics
will include religions, peasant life, courts and salons, education and
intellectuals, marriage and family life and laws, effects of industrialization,
complicity in and rejection of imperialism, and feminist movements. Also
Women’s Studies 04-393.
†16-403 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND
MODERN FRANCE. A history of France from 1789 to the present. We will study
the development of new political ideologies and institutions during the
Revolution, the modernization of state, culture and society in the 19th and 20th
centuries, workers’ struggles, and questions of religious, political and
ethnic diversity. (POK-American and Western Cultural
Heritage)
†16-523 BRITISH HISTORY, 1688 TO THE PRESENT. This
course will look at the modern portion of Britain’s unique history.
Beginning with the 1688 Glorious Revolution, when England restored its monarchy
under a constitution and Protestant church, we will trace not only political
developments, but also the key economic, social, and cultural changes that have
shaped modern Britain. Topics will include the bitter loss of America and the
often violent absorption of Scotland and Ireland; changes in the class system;
the Anglican Church’s fight to maintain religious dominance; increasing
literacy and popularity of science and literature; rivalries with the French;
the wonders and horrors of industrialization; the growth of cities;
imperialism’s heyday and decline; the changing status of women; the
devastation of the two world wars; the rise of the welfare state; and
Thatcherism and Tony Blair’s response: Cool Britannia.
(POK-American and Western Cultural Heritage)
16-533 TOPICS IN
BRITISH CULTURE: VICTORIAN BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Cultural history seeks to
understand how people have attached meanings to their lives through the
expression of ideas, art, science, performance, consumption, sport, and other
cultural forms. This course will examine various aspects of Great
Britain’s cultural history to try to understand British identities, and
how Britons have understood the meanings of their everyday lives. Students are
encouraged to take this course after having taken 16-523 British History since
1688 or 16-213 Modern Europe, but this is not required.
16-543 GENDER AND
SCIENCE. In this course we will look at what the sciences have said
historically about women, men, gender, and sexuality. We will also explore the
flip-side of that coin: how have preconceived notions about women, men, gender,
and sexuality shaped scientific ideas? By using historical examples, we will
consider when the sciences have alternately been tools for empowerment and
enslavement. Subjects may include: women in the sciences, changing anatomical
views of male and female bodies, race as a complicating factor in scientific
notions about gender, scientific investigations of homosexuality, the
masculinity and femininity of scientists, the gendering of nature itself, and
science as a kind of power. Also Women’s Studies 04-543.
16-573 END
OF IMPERIALISM. An examination of the struggles that led to the end of
European imperialism in Asia and Africa in the 20th century. It will cover the
rise of nationalism in the colonies, the often bloody struggles for
independence, the effect of decolonization on European politics, culture and
society, and the new forms of dependency created in the aftermath of
imperialism.
16-593 MODERN JEWISH HISTORY. A survey of the major
currents in Jewish culture, society, religious life, and political status from
1492 until the present. We will place these aspects of Jewish life in the
context of the wider cultures within which Jews have lived. Topics to be covered
include: the consequences of the Spanish expulsion of 1492; traditional piety in
European Jewish culture; forms of mysticism; the Jewish enlightenment; patterns
of acculturation; religious reform; Zionism; the Holocaust; and Jewish life in
America. Also REL 19-593.
Latin America
†16-223 LATIN AMERICAN CIVILIZATION*. This course examines the
most salient characteristics and important interactions of the different ethnic,
political, and economic streams that have contributed to the birth and
development of Latin America from the late 15th century to the present.
(POK-Other Cultures and Civilizations)
16-333 GUERRILLA MOVEMENTS
IN LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY. The objective of this class is to provide
students with a general overview of the evolution of guerrilla warfare in Latin
America from the earliest indigenous rebellions in the 16th century to the
struggles waged in Peru, Colombia, and Mexico at the end of the 20th
century.
†16-343 HISTORY OF PERU. A survey of the history of
Peru from pre-Hispanic times to the present. Emphasis is placed on obtaining
insights on the historical genesis, evolution, and transformation of the
country. Hopefully, this will help us in trying to gain some insights into the
elusive, mysterious, and perennially alluring nature of the Andean World.
(POK-Other Cultures and Civilizations)
16-633 HISTORY OF MEXICO,
1519-1920. An examination of the evolution of some of the most significant
strands that form the tapestry of Mexican history. This survey begins with an
examination of the subjugation of high native civilizations by European invaders
and concludes in the apotheosis of the Mexican Revolution.
16-643 WOMEN IN
COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA. The primary objective of this course is to examine
the crucial role played by women in the period between the first contact of
Spain with mainland America, 1519, to the period of national independence in the
early 19th century. In the process of this examination, we will attempt to rid
ourselves of existing outmoded perceptions, prejudices, and stereotypes
concerning Latin American women. Also Women’s Studies 04-643.
United States
†16-233 U.S. CIVILIZATION*. A one-semester survey of U.S.
history from the first North American encounters among Native Americans,
Africans, and Europeans to the present. The course will examine how Americans
have negotiated what it means to be American, what Americans have meant by
freedom, what roles religious pluralism has played in American life, American
expansionism at home and abroad, and how the United States has defined itself in
relation to the rest of the world. It will ask questions about the losers as
well as the winners in these cultural negotiations and about the costs as well
as the benefits of the nation’s achievements. (POK-American and
Western Cultural Heritage)
†16-423 A JOURNEY THROUGH THE CIVIL
RIGHTS MOVEMENT. See Sociology 34-423 and American Studies 01-423.
(POK-American and Western Cultural Heritage) (Alternate
Springs)
†16-713 AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY. This course surveys
African-American history since the end of slavery in the United States, to the
present. Some of the themes and topics we will explore will include: the meaning
of freedom under Reconstruction; labor; migration; gender; segregation;
movements for the attainment of civil rights; art and culture; religious
experience and thought; racial and ethnic identity; and the intersection of
class and race. There is no prerequisite for this course, though it will be
useful to have a general knowledge of U.S. history. (POK-American and
Western Cultural Heritage)
16-723 CRUCIAL DECADES IN U.S. HISTORY.
Many U.S. history textbooks refer to various periods such as the 1890s, the
1920s and the 1960s as “watersheds,” meaning periods marking
significant change. In 1956 historian Eric Goldman published a book entitled
The Crucial Decade 1945-1955 about the transformation of the post-World
War II peace into the globalization of the Cold War. This course will examine
U.S. history through the microcosm of a crucial decade in order to focus
attention on convergences of longer term trends. The decade studied will
vary.
16-753 BORDERLANDS AND TEXAS. The term Borderlands, coined by
American historian Herbert Eugene Bolton in 1921, denotes much more than the
geographic “region, between Florida and California now belonging to the
United States, over which Spain held sway for centuries.” This course
takes a chronological/thematic approach beginning with the earliest explorations
of New Spain in the first quarter of the 16th century and culminating in an
analysis of the complex, multi-faceted history of the Borderlands and its
people, unfolding before our eyes.
16-763 GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN U.S.
HISTORY. The historical construction of gender systems—prescribed
relations between men and women, masculinity, and femininity—among
different racial, ethnic, and class groups throughout U.S. history, including
ways these systems have shaped peoples’ economic, political, social, and
cultural experiences. The course will also examine how historical constructions
of sexual identity, especially heterosexuality and homosexuality, have
intersected with systems of gender. Also Women’s Studies 04-763.
16-773 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY. A history of human adaptations to
the variety of ecosystems within the United States from pre-colonial times to
the present. Topics will include patterns of land use and their environmental
and human consequences, conceptions of the human-nature relationship and their
implications for patterns of land use, the increasing importance of “built
environments” in people’s lives, the origins of current
environmental problems at home and the nation’s contribution to
environmental problems abroad, and varieties of activism seeking to address
environmental problems over time. Students will study these developments in
specific ecological regions.
16-783 SELF AND SOCIETY IN AMERICAN
THOUGHT. Examines U.S. intellectual history through the lens of what public
intellectuals, social commentators, and cultural critics have thought about the
relation of self and society from early modern European colonization through the
emergence of the United States as a pluralistic democracy to the present.
Involves close reading and discussion of primary texts.
Comparative
16-443 LAW, POWER, AND THE COLONIAL EXPERIENCE. (See under
Africa)
16-453 SLAVERY IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD. (See under Africa)
16-483 RACE AND RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA. (See
under Africa)
Capstone
16-853 HISTORIOGRAPHY*. A study of the concept of history, the
history of historical writing, the major schools of historical interpretation
today, and the relation of history to philosophy of history.
16-863
RESEARCH SEMINAR*. Part of the capstone experience. Topics, which change
from semester to semester, include Modernity, Gender and the Politics of
History, Old World-New World Encounters, Law and Power, and Crossing Cultures.
Prerequisite: May be taken concurrently with or after Historiography 16-853.
16-301, 302, 303 SELECTED TOPICS. May be repeated with a change in topic.
16-941, 942, 943 INTERNSHIP IN HISTORY.
16-951, 952, 953
INDEPENDENT STUDY. May be repeated with change in content.
16-983
HONORS HISTORY. By departmental invitation.